Translating repeater



April 4, 1939. L. M. POTTS TRANSLATING REPEATER Filed Oct. 10, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR LOUIS M. POTTS A'ITORN EY L. M. POTTS 2,152,772

TRANSLATING REPEATER Filed Oct. 10, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 April 4, 1939.

ATTORN EY INVENTQR LOUIS M. POTTS IZ r6 April 4, 1939. M. POTTS TRANSLATING REPEATER Filed Oct. 10, 1936 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 mum 2. EN zuwZw co m m INVENTOR LOUIS M. POTTS JV/Q;

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ATTORNEY Patented Apr. 4, 1939 TRANSLATING REPEATER Louis M. Potts, Evanston, UL, assignor to Teletype Corporation, Chicago, lll., a corporation of Delaware Application October 10, 1936, Serial No. 104,968

27 Claims.

This invention pertains to start-stop telegraph systems involving repeating mechanisms in which code signals are repeated from line section to line section, and more particularly to regenerative repeater mechanisms for start-stop telegraph systems in which a start-stop code utilized for communication in one line section is different from the start-stop code used in its associated line section.

In start-stop systems, keyboard transmitters are adapted for the transmission either a fiveunit permutation code or a similar six-unit permutation code. Key layouts of six-unit telegraph keyboard transmitters resemble keyboards of standard oflice typewriters more closely than do keyboards of five-unit telegraph transmitters, and for that reason the six-unit telegraph transmitter may be preferred for service in a telegraph oflice of low trafllc volume and for service in any oflice where the duties of any person require at times the operation of a telegraph keyboard transmitter and at other times the operation of a typewriter. While six-unit transmission thus will be found preferable in some telegraph oflices, five -unit transmission will remain preferable upon telegraph transmission lines because a larger trafiic volume can be transmitted over a line by utilization of five-unit transmission in comparison with the utilization of six-unit transmission.

It is the salient object of the present invention to provide means for operating telegraph substations and telegraph lines connecting such substations to central oifices, according to one code system, and for operating telegraph trunk lines interconnecting telegraph central oflices according to another code system, with automatic transfer of code signals from either system to the other. i

A further object is to provide regenerative repeaters embodying translation of code signals from one code system to another code system.

A feature is to provide break-signal means operable independently of the regenerative repeater.

A further feature is to provide a break-signal system operable to effect mechanical stopping of a remote transmitter under control of a key at a receiving station.

A still further feature is to provide a breaksignal system operable by control of a key at the receiving station independently of intermediate repeating and translating means.

A further feature is to provide means for looking a transmitter automatically when associated with a receiving device which is not in condition to receive. a

The foregoing and other objects are attained, in a repeater for translation from five-unit code system to a six-unit code system, by providing '5 a receiving distributor, a set of relays for registering and accumulating individual impulses into a complete code signal, relay storage means for storing code signals to compensate for the difference in speeds of received and retransmitted code signals, two sets of relays into which code signals are transmitted alternatively in successive code signal cycles and jointly from which a resultant code signal is transmitted in a single code signal cycle, and a distributor for retransmitting the resultant code signal.

In a repeater for translation from six-unit code system to five-unit code system, the objects of the invention are obtained by providing a receiving distributor and a plurality of sets of transferring and storing relays in each set of which two codes of two classes are stored and transferred concurrently, with further provision of a definitive distributor operable first to transmit one of the said stored code signals and then the other of said stored code signals.

For compensation between the speeds of the receiving and retransmitting distributors, when retransmission is slower than reception, means is provided for stopping the operation of the remote controlling transmitter, thereby stopping incoming code signals at the repeater.

For signaling a break condition, slow-operating relays are arranged to by-pass the break signal around the regenerative repeater at the central station.

A better understanding of the invention may be had from the following description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein, I

Fig. 1 illustrates a general circuit arrangement according to the principles of the invention;

Fig. 2 illustrates a device for repeating and translating from six-unit system to five-unit system;

Fig. 3 illustrates a device for repeating and translating from five-unit system to six-unit system, and

Fig. 4 illustrates a modified substation equipment including an automatic tape controlled transmitter.

Description of apparatus Referring to Fig. 1, a substation I0 is provided with equipment to transmit according to six- 55 unit code over a line conductor II to a central station I2 where a regenerating and translating repeater I3 converts the six-unit code signals into code signals of five-unit code which are transmitted as five-unit code signals over a trunk line I4 through a repeating but non-translating station I5 and over a further trunk line I6 to a further central station I1, and there through a regenerating and translating repeater I8 which converts the five-unit code signals into signals of a six-unit code, the six-unit code signals then being retransmitted over line conductor I9 to a definitive substation 28.

Equipment at substation I0 comprises a manual keyboard telegraph transmitter 22, a recording receiver or. printer 23, and a break key 24, connected in series with a line circuit from line conductor II to ground 25. The transmitter 22 is illustrated according to the type disclosed in Patent 1,595,472, granted August 10, 1926, to Mr. H. L. Krum'in which any manual key 26 engages a universal bar 21 to operate a pull bar 28 to trip a clutch, thereby causing complete transmission of a code signal by operation of contacts 29. Added to the transmitter of this type are marginal relay 30 connected in the line circuit above mentioned, control magnet 3|, a tooth 32 integral with bar 28, a pivoted latch lever 33 carrying an armature 34 for magnet 3| and tensioned by a spring 35 to rotateupon its pivot to engage the tooth 32. A substation local circuit includes a battery, a manual key 36, winding of magnet 3|, and contacts of relay 30.

An alternative form 01. transmitter for substation I0 is illustrated in Fig. 4 in which transmitting contacts 31 are controlled by a perforated tape 38 and in which a transmitting distributor 39 driven by a motor (not shown) is controlled by a stop latch 40 operable by a control magnet 4|. Other items of equipment for Fig. 4 are the same as in Fig. 1 and are designated by the same numerals.

At the central station I2, the line conductor II is completed through winding of slow-to-release break signal relay 45, an operating winding of a polarized code-signal line relay 46, a resistor 48, contacts 9f a polarized repeating relay 49, a resister 50, and battery 5| to ground.

The code-signal line relay 46 has a biasing winding 54, one terminal of which is connected through resistor 55 to ground, also through resistor 56 to battery 51, the other terminal being connected through resistor 58 to battery 51, also through contacts of polarized anti-reflection relay 59 to ground in one position-of armature of relay 59, the windings of relays 49 and 59 being connected to ground in series with conductor 60 extending from the repeater equipment 6| illustrated in detail in Fig. 3. Resistor 48 has an adjustable contact 62 and is provided with a shunting path including the said contact 82, contacts of relays in the repeater I3, illustrated in detail in Fig. 2, conductor 63, contacts of relay 64, and conductor 65.

A polarized repeating relay 68 has its operating winding connected to ground and to conductor 69 extending to a distributor in repeater, I3 illustrated in detail in Fig. 2.

A retransmitting line circuit extends from battery 1| and resistor 12 or through reversed battery 13 and resistor 14 to alternative contacts of repeating relay 68 and thence through conductor 15, contacts of energized break signal relay 45, conductor 16, one winding of duplexing difierential relay I1, to line conductor I4 with a differential branch through artificial line 18 to ground and extends further from line conductor I4 through repeating station I5, line wire I6, central station I1, and line conductor I9 to substation 20. 2 I

Circuit for trunk line signals received at central station I2 from line conductor I4, extends from substation 20 through line conductor I8, repeater 19 of central station I1, line conductor I6, repeater station I5, line conductor I4, and windings of relays I1 to ground. Alocal circuit for received trunk line signals extends through battery 80, resistor 8|, contacts of duplex relay 11, winding of slow-to-release break signal relay 64 and winding of polarized receiving relay 82 to ground. Contacts of relay 82 are connected severally to ground, to battery 84, through resistor 83 and to conductor 85 leading to repeater 6| illustrated in detail in Fig. 3. Contacts of relay 46 are connected to conductor 81, to ground, and through resistor 88 to battery 89 severally. A contact of relay 45 is connected by conductor 90 to resistor 14.

A repeating and translating device designatedby the rectangle I3 in Fig. 1 and illustrated in detail in Fig. 2 comprises receiving distributor IOI of start-stop six-unit type having control conductor 81, starting magnet I02, start segment I03, signal segments I04, brushes I85, I88, and rest segment I01.

Storage relays comprise sets H2, H3, and H4 of six relays in each set and a set II5 oi five relays, also separate relays II6 and H1. Operating windings of relays of set I I2 are connected to battery I20 and to segments I04, while the holding windings of such relays are connected in a holding circuit through winding of shunting relay I2I and contacts of unlocking relay I22. Relays of set II3 have their operating windings connected in a transfer circuit through battery I24, right-hand contacts of relays of set H2, and contacts of transfer relay I25 to ground, and have their holding windings connected in a. holding circuit through battery I24, contacts of unlocking relay I26, and winding of stop relay I21 to ground. Similarly, relays of set I have their operating windings connected in a transfer circuit through battery I29, right-hand contacts of relays of set H3, and right-hand contacts of transfer relay I30 to ground, and also have their holding windings connected in a holding circuit including battery I29, contacts of unlocking relay I32, and winding of stop relay I33 to ground. Relays of set 5 have their operating windings connected in a circuit including battery 3135, right-hand contacts of relays of set H4,

and conductor I86 to contact of transfer relay I31 where the circuit may be completed to ground. Holding windings of relays of set I I5 are connected in a holding circuit including battery I35, a winding of idle-signal relay I38, and contacts of relay I31 to ground. An associated pair of code signal registering relays II6 and H1 have their operating windings connected from batteries I39 and I40 to back and front contacts respectivelyin sixth relay of relay set II4, whence a circuit extends from the relay armature through conductor I36 and contacts of relay I31 as described above. Holding circuits for the relays I I6 and I I1 are respectively from battery I39, through winding and front contact of relay II6, and back contact of relay II1 to ground, and from'battery I40, through winding and front contact of relay I I1 and back contact of relay II6 to ground.

An operating circuit for code signal translating relay I4I extends through battery I45, left-hand winding of relay I4I extreme right-hand contact and armature of .relay II6, extreme right-hand contact and armature of relay I I 1 and condenser I46 to ground, while a holding circuit for relay I4I extends through battery I45, winding and front contact and armature of relay I, a wind ing of relay I38, winding of slow-to-release relay I50, and back contact and armature of relay I5I to ground. An operating circuit for code signal translating relay I52 extends through battery I53 of reversed polarity, winding of relay I52, extreme right armature and front contact of relay H1, and condenser I46 to ground, while a holding circuit for relay I52 extends through battery I54, winding and front contact and armature of relay I52 to the right-hand winding of relay I38, and winding of relay I50, as described above to ground.

Battery I60 and resistor I6I are connected directly by conductor I62 to right-hand front contacts of relays of set H5 and to segment I63 of retransmitting distributor I64, also may be connected through armatures I66 and I61 and contacts of relays MI and I52 to back contacts of relays of set ll5, also through armature I68 and front contact of relay I to front contact of third relay of set II5, also through armature I69 and back contact of relay I52 to back contact of third relay of set H5, and also through contacts of relay I38 to conductor 69.

Continuously operating retransmitting distributor I64 has continuously rotating brushes I12 and I13, stop-signal segment I63 connected to battery I60 through resistor I6I, insulated startsignal segment I 14, code signal segments I15 connected to contacts of relays of set II5, collector ring I16 connected to conductor 69, grounded ring I11, and home segment I18 which is connected through contacts of slow-to-operate relay I50, and winding of transfer relay I31 to battery and ground.

In a circuit containing battery I19 and a stop magnet I80, a manual switch I8I is provided for stopping the distributor I64 manually, ,if desired.

Relay I82 is connected in a circuit through battery I83, winding of relay I82 to front contact of relay I50, whence it may be extended further through segment I18, and brush I13 to ground connected to segment I 11. Armature of relay I82 is connected through condenser. I84 to ground, the front contact thereof being connected through resistor I85 to grounded battery I83 and its back contact being connected through winding of relay I5I to ground whereby circuits may be formed alternatively for charging and discharging condenser I84 to energize momentarily relay I5l.

Relay I31 has armature I86 connected through condenser I81 to ground, a front contact connected through resistor I88 to grounded battery I89, and a back contact connected through relay I32 to ground whereby charging and discharging circuits for condenser I81 may be formed to energize momentarily relay I32.

Transfer relay I30 has armature I9I connected through condenser I92 to ground with a front contact connected through resistor I93 to grounded battery I 94, and through a back contact to winding ofrelay I26 to ground whereby charging and discharging circuits for condenser I92 may be formed for energizing momentarily relay Transfer relay I25 has armature I95 which An energizing circuit for relay I25 extends through battery 2I0, winding of relay I25, back contact and armature of relay I21, conductor 2I I, segment I01, and brush I06 to ground, and an associated circuit for energizing relay 2I2 extends through battery 2I3, winding of relay 2I2, conductor 2, segment I01 and brush I06 to ground.

Fig. 31 illustrates in detail a repeating and translating device, 6I of Fig. 1. The device comprises a receiving distributor 22I of five-unit type having an incoming signal circuit conductor 85, a control magnet 222, brushes 223, 224, a rest segment 225, signal segments 226, and a start segment 221.

Code signal storage relay sets 230, 23I, 232, and 233 of five relays each are supplemented by a code signal storing relay 235 and its associated unlocking relay 236. Operating circuits for relays of set 230 extend from battery 231 to signal segments 226 and the holding circuits extend from battery 231 through the back contact and armature of unlocking relay 238 to ground. Relays of set 23] have operating circuits through battery 24I, contacts of relays of set 230, contacts of stop relay 242, rest segment 225, and brush 223 to ground, with holding circuits through battery 24I, back contact and armature of unlocking relay 243 and winding of stop relay 242 to ground. Relays of set 232 have similar operating circuits through battery 244, contacts of relays of set 23l and contacts of unlocking relay 246 to ground, with holding circuits through battery 244, back contact and armature of unlocking relay 245, and winding of holding relay 246 to ground.-

Relays of set 233 have operating circuits through battery 250 and contacts of relays of set 232 and conductor 25! to armature 252 of relay 253, whence by operation of the relay it may be extended over conductor 254 and through winding of distributor shunting relay 255 to ground. A holding circuit for relays of set 233 extends through battery 250, contacts controlled by relay 253, conductor 254, and. winding of relay 255 to ground. Further contacts 256, in relays of set 232 are connected to form selectively an energizing circuit for relay 235 through battery 250, operating winding of relay 235 and all front contacts 256 of relays of set 232, thence through winding of slow-to-release relay 251 and contacts of transfer relay 253 to ground, or alternatively an energizing circuit for relay 236, through battery 250, winding of relay 236, back contact 256 of third relay of set 232 and front contacts 256 of first, second, fourth, and fifth relays of set 232, thence through winding of relay 251, and contacts of relay 253 to ground. A holding circuit for relay 235 extends through battery 250 and back contact and armature of relay 236 to ground.

A retransmitting distributor 26I of six-unit type has a retransmission output circuit conductor 60, continuously rotating brushes 262, 263, a local-signal segment 264, a further segment 265 separated from the segment 264 by an insulating segment 266, a stop-signal segment 261 connected directly through resistor 268 to battery 269, an insulated start-signal segment 210, a set of code signal segments 213 connected through contacts of relays of set 233 to resistor 268 and battery 269, and a further segment 214 connected through back contact and armature of relay 235 to resistor 268 and battery An energizing rcu t for magnet 216 including battery 211 and re- 1 sistor 218 is provided with a manual key 219 to circuits for condenser 284 to energize mmen-' tarily relay 245.

In like manner and for like purposes, relay 246 has armature 298 connected to grounded condenser 29I and has contacts connected through resistor 292 to grounded battery 293 and to winding of unlocking relay 243 respectively, also relay 242 has armature 294 connected to grounded condenser 295 and has contacts connected through resistor 296 to grounded battery 291 and to winding of unlocking relay 238.

,11, 82, and magnets 23 and 3I.

Description of operation Upon starting all motors and closing all battery supply paths at centralofflces and substations, all line circuits are closed for currents of marking or stop signal'nature, and the following relays, magnets, and condensers are energized in preparation for transmission of code signals: In Fig. 1, relays 38, 45, 46, 49, 59, 64, 68, In Fig. 2, relays I25, I38, magnet I88, condensers I92, I96, and relay 2I2 energized with magnet I82 deenergized and brush I86 stopped. In Fig. 3, the magnet 216. In Fig. 2 a relay II 6 and a condenser I46 also are to be energized by a preliminary operation before transmission of code signals.

Referring to Fig. 1, a circuit of an operative but non-operating line II, is closed through battery I, resistor 58, contacts of relay 49, resistor 48, operating winding of line relay 46, winding of slow-release relay 45, line conductor II, break key 24, receiver magnet 23, contacts 29 of transmitter 22 and winding of relay 38 to ground. Relays 46, 45, 38 and magnet 23 are energized by current in this circuit. A part of resistance 48, is shunted by contacts of relay 2I2, Fig. 2, energized and relay I2I, Fig. 2, unenergized, permitting a current of high operating value in the line circuit described, the high value being required to operate the marginal relay 38. A substation local circuit, through winding of magnet 3I and contacts of energized relay 38 to ground, maintains the locking transmitter magnet 3I energized.

through battery I55, contact of unenergized relay I33 and winding of relay I38 to ground.

Condenser I96 is charged through battery I98,

resistor I91, contact of energized relay I25, and

condenser I96 to ground, while condenser I92 is charged through battery I94, resistor I93, contact of energized relay I38 and condenser I92 to ound.

Distributor control magnet I88 is energized through battery I19, switch I8I and winding of magnet I88 to ground, attracting its armature and releasing for operation the distributor I64 in which brushes I12 and I13 rotate continuously. At first engagement of brush I13 and segment I18, transfer relay I31 is energized through battery I58, winding of relay I31, contact of unenergized relay I 58, segment I18, and brush I13 to ground.

Relay I31 operates its contacts and closes an energizing circuit for relay H6, through battery I39, winding of relay II6, contacts of unenergized sixth relay of relay set H4, and righthand. front contact and armature of relay I31 to ground, energizing relay II6 which operates its contacts and closes its holding circuit through back contact and armature of relay II1 to ground, also closes an energizing circuit for relay I4I through battery I45, contacts of unenergized relay H1 and condenser I46 to ground, whereupon relay I4I operates'its contacts and closes its holding circuit through a winding of relay I38, winding of slow-to-operate relay I58, and contacts of relay I5I to ground, thus energizing relay I38 which opens its contacts and also energizing relay I58 which does not operate instantly.

Brush I13 now disengages segment I18 and deenergizes relay I31 which restores its contacts, opening the operating winding of relay I I6 which remains energized by current through its holding circuit.

Relay I58 now operates its contacts, disconnects segment I18 from winding of relay I31 and connects segment I18 through winding of relay I82 to battery I83, the circuit thus prepared for energization of relay I82 being new open at segment I18.

Prior to engagement of brush I13 with segment I18, a circuit through battery I68, resistor I6I, contacts of unenergized relay I38, conductor 69, and retransmitting relay 68 had energized relay 68 whose contacts close alternative paths through battery H and resistor 12 or battery 13 and resistor 14 to conductor 15, and through contacts of relay 45 and conductor 16, to duplexing relay 11. After energization of relay I38, current is supplied through battery I68, resistor I6I, conductor I62, segment I 63, brush I12, and ring I16 to conductor 69 and relay 68. Brush I12 now transmits a code signal letter shift to retrans- A start mitting relay 68 (Fig. 1) as follows: signal impulse is transmitted by engagement of brush I12 with insulated segment I14, then five signal impulses of marking nature by engagement of brush I12 with flve code signal segments I15, each of which is connected through contacts of relays of set I I5 and contacts of relay I to resistor I6I and battery I68. Thereafter, brush I12 engages segment I63 again, at which time brush I13 makes its second engagement with segment I18, energizing relay I82 over a circuit traced above. Relay I82 operates its contacts and closes a circuit which charges condenser I84 through resistor I85. Brush I13 now disengages segment I18, deenergizing relay I82 whose contacts form an obvious circuit over which condenser I84 discharges through the winding of relay I5I energizing the relay I 5| momentarily to interrupt momentarily the holding circuit of relays I4I, I38, and I58. Relay I4I opens all of its contacts and relay I38 recloses its contacts thereby connecting battery I60 through resistor I6I and contacts of relay I38 to conductor 69 and relay 68 to ground, energizing relay 68 to maintain continuously a marking signaling condition on line conductor I4. After disengagement of brush I13 from segment I18, the slow relay I50 restores its contacts and connects segment I18 to winding of transfer relay I31.

Brushes I12 and I 13 are in continuous rotation due to the continued energization of magnet I when switch I8I is closed and relay I31 is repeatedly operated momentarily and in turn operates relay I32 momentarily without effect, by segment I18 at every revolution of-brush I13.

Apparatus illustrated in Fig. 2 now is in condition for receipt and retransmission of code signals, and line I4 extends to a recorder whose shift condition now has been controlled as described above to be adjusted for recording letters.

As long as code signals of letters nature are received and retransmitted, each having a sixth impulse of spacing nature, relay II1 will not be energized, and with distributors IM and I64 operating uniformly at the same speed measured in cycles per minute, transmittion will proceed as follows:

Substation I 0, Fig. 1, operates transmitter 22 to transmit a code signal comprising eight elemental impulses of which the first, seventh, and eighth impulses are spacing, spacing, and marking, respectively. The first spacing impulse deenergizes line relay 46 which energizes start magnet I02, Fig. 2, through battery 89, resistor 88, conductor 81, brush I05, distributor segment I03, and winding of magnet I02, thus starting the distributor IOI, after which the second to sixth impulses operate relay 46 to energize the first to fifth relays of set H2, at least one of the signal impulses being of marking nature, and the eighth or definitive marking impulse energizes line relay 46 to permit magnet I02 to stop the distributor IOI.

Distributor brush I06 on disengaging segment I01 has interrupted current in relays 2 I 2 and I25, deenergizing them. Relay 2I2 has released its contacts into open condition and has interrupted the shunt of resistance 48 thereby including all of resistance 48 in circuit with line II thus decreasing the permissible current in the line II to a value suitable for reenergization and operation of line relay 46 and home recording magnet 23 and to a value too low for reenergization of marginal relay 30, which had been deenergized by opening of transmitter contacts 29. Operation of contacts of any one of the first to fifth relays of set II2 has closed a holding circuit for those relays through battery I20, winding of relay I2I, and contacts of unenergized relay I22, thereby energizing relay I2I, which by operating its contacts, opens a second break in the shunt conductor of resistance 48.

Upon reaching its stop position, brush I06 reenergizes relay 2 I2 without effect since the shunt of resistance 48 remains open at contacts of relay I2I, and reenergizes transfer relay I25, which by its armature I95 energizes condenser I96 and by its further contacts completes a transfer circuit through right-hand contacts of the operated first to fifth relays of set I I2 and left-hand windings of the first to fifth relays of set II3 to battery I24, thus transferring the registered code signal to relays of set II3 which without delay transfer the code signal to relays of set H4 whence it is transferred to retransmitting relays of set H5 at first engagement of brush I173 with segment I18 to energize transfer relay I31.

Left-hand contacts of operated relays of set H3 close a holding circuit through battery I24, windings of relays of set H3, left-hand contacts of relays of set II3, contacts of unenergized relay I26 and winding of stop relay I21 to ground; energizing relay I21 whose contacts open the energizing circuit of relay I25 whose released and restored armature I95 closes an obvious circuit, permitting discharge of condenser I96 through winding of relay I22, thus energizing relay I22 momentarily, opening the above described locking circuit of relays of set H2, effecting deenergization of all relays of set H2 and deenergizing relay I2I whose restored contacts close the shunt conductor of resistor 48, reducing the resistance of the circuit of line II and permitting resumption of the above described high value of current required to operate relay 30, Fig. 1. In turn relay 30 closes a circuit to reenergize magnet 3I and thus to unlock the mechanism of the transmitter 22. Substation I0 now may initiate transmission of a subsequent code signal.

Meanwhile, right-hand contacts of operated first to fifth relays of set II3 close transfer circuits prepared by right-hand contacts of en ergized transfer relay I30 and extending through left-hand winding of first to fifth relays of set I I4 to battery I29, energizing without delay after engagement of brush I06 and segment I01 a code combination of first to fifth relays of set II4 whose left-hand contacts close a holding circuit through battery I29, windings and contacts of operated relays of set II4, contacts of unenergized relay I32 and winding of relay I33 to ground, energizing relay I33 whose contacts break the energizing circuit of relay I30 which thus releases its right-hand armature and opens a transfer circuit to prevent a subsequent code signal from entering relay set H4 and also releases armature ISI whose contacts form an ob-v vious circuit for discharge of condenser I92 through winding of relay I26 which is momen-' tarily energized to break the holding circuit to deenergize all relays of set H3 and to deenergize relay I21 whose restored contacts permit reenergization of relay I25. Relay I33 and relays of set II4 remain energized, in conditionof storage for the registered code signal.

In due course of rotation, and prior to completion of transmission of a second code signal from substation I0, brush I12 in distributor I64 engages segment I18 which closes a circuit to energize and operate transfer relay I31, which by armature I86 energizes condenser I81 and by its further contacts closes a transfer circuit from battery I35 through left-hand windings of first to fifth relays of set H5 and right-hand contacts of first to fifth relays of set II4 to conductor I36 and contacts of relay I31 to ground.

closes an obvious circuit to energize relay I32 by discharge of condenser I81, the contacts of relay I32 momentarily interrupting the holding circuit of relays of set H4 and deenergizing all relays of set H4 and also deenergizing relay I33, thus permitting reenergization of relay I30. Operation of contacts of relay I38 has opened the shunt conductor 30I of distributor I64 and brush I12 now transmits the code signal registered upon relays of set II 5 and upon segments I15 through contacts of those relays. During the transmission cycle of distributor I64, a subsequent code originating at substation I may be transferred to relay set II4.

Receipt of a six unit code signal including a figure shift signal will be manifested by a marking signal upon sixth relay of set H4, and the next operation of relay I31, will not only transfer the five-unit code to relays of set II but will transfer the marking shift signal to relay II1 whose energization will deenergize relay I I6, will close a holding circuit through restored contacts of relay H6 and will close an operating circuit for translating relay I52 through battery I53 of reversed polarity compared with battery I45, contacts of operated relay H1 and condenser I46. Relay I52 operates its contacts and closes its holding circuit from battery I54 through a winding of relay I38, winding of relay I50 and contacts of relay I5I, operating the relay I38 which opens the shunt conductor 30I. Brush I13 disengages from segment I18, restoring the relay I31 to its unenergized condition. Relay I50 now operates its contacts, connecting segment I18 to winding of relay I82. A character code signal now is registered upon relays of set H5 but is ineffective because a figure shift code is registered upon relay I52 which controls circuits of retransmitting contacts of relays of set H5,

and brush I12 now transmits to conductor 69 a five-unit figure shift code signal as follows: From segment I14 an open circuit starting signal impulse, from first, second, fourth, and fifth segments I15 closed circuit marking signal impulses, through armature contact and front conrelay of set II5, circuits of both front and backcontacts being open, at contact I69 of relay I52 and at contact I68 of relay I4I respectively. when brush I13 again engages and disengages segment I18, relay I82 is operated to unlock and restore relays I50 and I52, restoring battery connection to front contact of third relay and removing battery connection from back contacts of first, second, fourth, and fifth relays of set II5, thus electrically registering upon segments I15 the code signal registered upon relays of set II5, relay I38 being held by the described holding circuit of relays of set II5 after interruption of the holding circuit of relay I52, and brush I12 then upon its second revolution transmitting to conductor 60 the five-unit code registered upon relays of set II5.

A subsequent six-unit code signal including a letter shift signal manifested by a spacing condition upon sixth relay of set II4 will energize relay II6 when transferred to relays of set II5 which in turn will energize relays MI and I38.

Brush I12 then will transmit a five-unit letter,

shift code signal, since all front and all back conkeyboard unlocking magnet 3|.

tacts of relays or set II6wil1 be connected to resistor I6I andbattery I60, front contact of third relay through contacts I68 of unenergizedrelay I62, back contact of third relay through contacts- I68 of energized relay 'I4I, front contacts of other relays of set II5 by direct connection to resistor I H and back contacts through contacts I66 of relay I4I, after'which brush I13, segment I18, relays I82, I5I cooperate to release relay I, when brush I12 will transmit the character code storedon relays of set II5.

Since two revolutions of distributor I64 are required to retransmit separately by means of two code signals a shift signal and a character signal which are received by distributor IOI in one code signal, an accumulation of storedcode signals may occur. While a code signal is stored in relay set II4, the holding circuit of set II4 energizes stop relay I33, deenergizing transfer relay I 30.and preventing transfer of a code signal from relay set I I3 into relay I I4. Likewise while a code signal is stored in relay set II3, stop relay I21 holds open the energizing circuit of relay I25 so that relay I25 cannot be energized by brush I06 and segment I01 to transfer a code signal from relay set II2 to set II3. A code signal stored in relay set II2 closes a holding circuit through stop relay I 2I whose continued energization prevents shunting of resistor 48 and thereby prevents increase of current in line II necessary to operate marginal relay 30 and The substation transmitter thus is rendered inoperable by central station control when the central station apparatus is not conditioned to respond thereto.

Referring to Fig. 3, distributor control magnet 216 is energized continuously, brushes 262 and 263 of distributor 26I will rotate continuously and transfer relay 253 will be momentarily energized cyclically by battery 282 through segment 264 and brush 263 to ground. Speed of rotation of distributor 26I, as measured in revolutions per minute, is slightly greater than maximum speed of distributor 22I. Code signals originating at substation 20, Fig. 1, are propagated through line conductor I9, central ofilce I1, including translating repeater 19 according to Fig. 2, line conductor I6, repeater station I5, line conductor I4, winding and contacts of relay 11, winding of relay 64, winding-and contacts of relay 82, and conductor 85 to start-stop distributor 22I, Fig. 3.

A first code signal comprising five significant impulses accompanied by start and stop impulses received at distributor 22I has its five significant impulses registered upon relay set 232 for temporary storage as follows: A'start impulse deenergizes line relay 82 which closes a circuit through battery 84, resistor 83, conductor 85, brush 224, segment 221, and controlling magnet 222 to ground, energizing the magnet 222 whose operated armature permits brush 224 to rotate and to distribute the significant signaling impulses to windings of relays of set 230 whose left-hand contacts form a holding circuit through contacts of unenergized relay 238 to ground. The impulse signals of the first received code sig nal are accumulated upon relays of set 230 during the cycle of distributor 22I and at the end of its cycle the brush 223 closes a transfer circuit through battery I, left-hand winding of relays of set 23I, right-hand contacts of relays of set 230, contacts of unenergized relay 242, segment 225, and brush 223 to ground, energizing relays of set 23I. Right-hand contacts of relays of set 23! close a transfer circuit through battery 244, left-hand winding of relays of set 232, righthand contacts of relays of set 23!, 'and contact of unenergized relay 246 to ground, and at the same time left-hand contacts of energized relays of set 23! close a holding circuit through battery 24!, windings and contacts of relays of set 23!, contacts of unenergized relay 243 and'winding of relay 242 to ground, energizing'relay 242 whose right-hand ontacts open an abovedescribed transfer circuit and whose left-handcontacts close an obvious circuit for discharge of condenser 295 through winding of relay 238, energizing the relay 238 whose contacts openmomentarily the holding circuit of energized relays of set 238, deenergizing all relays of set 230. Operation of relays of set 232 in a code signal combination closes a locking circuit through battery 244, windings and contacts of relays of set 232, contacts of unenergized relay 245 and winding of relay 246 energizes and operates relay 246 to open an above described transfer circuit and to close an obvious circuit for charging condenser 21! through resistor 292, thus maintaining registration of the received code signal upon relays of set 23! and set 232. Registration of a second received code signal immediately may be begun in overlap manner upon relays of set 238.

According to the above description of operation of the structure of Fig. 2, the first code signal received from substation 20 upon relay 82 will be letters shift, energizing all relays of set 232, whose right-hand contacts accordingly will close a circuit to energize relays 235 and 251, through battery 250, left-hand winding of relay 235, contacts in series of energized relays of set 232, winding of relay 251, and to ground through contacts of relay 253 if then energized. In due course, brush 263 will engage segment 264, closing a circuit to energize and operate relay 253 whose right-hand contacts provide a circuit to charge condenser 284, whose left-hand contacts close the energizing circuit of relays 251 and 235 and whose middle contacts close a transfer circuit from battery 25!), left-hand windings of relays of set 233, middle contacts of relays of set 232, middle contacts 252 of energized relay 253 and winding of relay 255 to ground, transferring the code signal to relays of set 233 and operating the relay 255. When brush 263 disengages from seginent 264, relay 253 will become deenergized, its middle contacts opening the transfer circuit just described and forming a holding circuit through battery 256, right-hand windings of relays of set 233, contacts of deenergized relay 253 and winding of relay 255 to ground, also the righthand contacts of relay 253 connect condenser 284 to energize the winding of relay 245 to open momentarily the holding circuit of relays of set 232 and of relay 246 which when deenergized forms a circuit through which condenser 29! energizes relay 243 momentarily to open the locking circuit of relays of set 23!, thus deenergizing relays of sets 232, 23! and relays 243, 246. Restoration of contacts of relay 253 and operation of relay 245 have occurred during the time period when brush 263 has been traversing an insulated segment 266 and. during which time period the brush 262 in distributor 26! has disengaged from segment 261 and thereby has begun transmission of a starting impulse to conductor 60.

While brush 263 has traversed the insulated segment 266, relay 251, whose ener g circuit has'been continued open by restoration of contacts of all relays of set 232, has retained its con tacts closed due to its slow-to-release characteristic.

Accordingly, brush 263 engages segment 265 and energizes relay 253 through battery 282,

winding of relay 253, contacts of slow-to-release relay 251, segment 265, and brush 263 to ground. By operation of middle contacts of relay 253, the described holding circuit for relays of set 233 is opened and relays of set 233 aswell as relay 255 are denergized and their contacts restored, thus connecting battery 269 and resistor 268 to conductor 60 through contacts of relay 255 and interrupting the transmission of brush 262 by shunting the brush and its segments.

At disengagement of brush 263 from segment 265, relay 253 becomes deenergized and its contacts cause condenser 284 to energize relay 245 momentarily without effect.

In response to the received letters shift code signal, relay 235 has been energized and electrically locked to control a letters shift condition upon segment 214.

A subsequently received character code signal will be accumulated upon relay set 230 and transferred through relay set 23! to relay set 232,

where contacts 256 do not close a circuit for re-,

lay 251 because of the character nature of the code signal. At engagement of brush 263 with segment 264, relay 253 operates to transfer the registered code to relays of set 233 and to energize relay 255, to remove the shunt from brush 262 and to prepare brush 262 and segments 213 to retransmit the significant character code accompanied by a starting signal from segment 210, a shift signal from segment 214, and a stop signal from segment'261. Upon disengagement of brush 263 from segment 264, therelay 253 is restored to complete the described holding circuit for relays of set 233 and for relay 255 and to operate relay 245 momentarily to clear relays of set 232.

. Brushes in distributor 26! are timed to retransmit code signals at a speed faster than code si nals can be received by distributor 22!, hence there is a gain of hunting nature between the two sets of brushes and at intervals the relay 253 will be operated and restored with all relays of set 232 in unenergized condition, in which case, upon deenergization of relay 253, all relays of sets 232 and 233 and relay 255 will be in deenergized condition and contacts of relay 255 will shunt the brush 262 and its segments during the remainder of the cycle of distributor 26!.

Should a succeeding received code signal be transferred from relay set 230 by segment 225 and brush 223 during the time period when relay 253 is energized by segment 264 and brush 263,

the code signal is transferred to set 233 without the electrical condition of segment 214 from letters shift to ffigures shift. Immediately, brush 263 engages segment 265 and operates relay 253 to deenergize relay 255 and relays of set 233. Subsequent received code signals will be retransmitted with figures shift condition as now stored on segment 214 until receipt of a letters shift code signal whose operation has been described above.

Referring to Fig. 1, general operation of the system of the invention may be seen. In transmission from substation. III to substation 20, code signals of six-unit type, each comprising a character code signal combined with a shift code signal, are generated at substation l0, and are received by translator l3 according to Fig. 2, wherein the character code signals and shift code signals are separated and are separately regenerated each as a code signal of five-unit type. The code signals of five-unit type thus generated are transmitted, with repetition in successive shift code signals suppressed, through trunk line l4, repeating station l5, and trunk line It to a further central oifice and there are received by a translator l8' according to Fig. 3, wherein the shift code signals are stored and the character code signals of five-unit type are retransmitted each combined with the then stored shift code signal to comprise a regenerated code signal of six-unit type.. The regenerated code signals of six-unit type are retransmitted over line l9 to substation 20, equipped as substation III in Fig. 1, where a six-unit receiver 23 records the transmitted intelligence. In like manner, code signals of sixunit type originated in a transmitter 22 at substation 20 are transmitted through line ill to central station H, are translated into code signals of five-unit type by translator 19 according to Fig. 2, are retransmitted through line I6, repeating station l and line l4 to central station l2 where they are translated into code signals of six-unit type by translator 6! according to Fig. 3, and are retransmitted through line H to substation "I to be recorded by the receiver 23.

In response to a break signal of spacing nature, generated by manual key 24 at station lo, the translator i3 as disclosed would transmit to line M a series of start-stop codes each having a stop signal of marking nature. To effect transmission of a break signal of spacing nature and of indefinite duration, relays 45 and 64 are provided, of slow-to-release type to retain contacts in operated condition as illustrated throughout all current changes produced by the telegraph code signal transmitter 22, and to restore their contacts only in response to operation of the manual break key 24. Operation of key 24 and restora-- tion of right hand contacts of relay 45 connects the spacing battery 13 and resistor 14 through conductor 90 and contacts of relay 45 to conductor l6 and to line l4, thus retransmitting'a continuous breaking signal of spacing nature to restore 64. The equipment illustrated at repeating station I 5 is suitable for retransmission of the continuous breaking signal and when the signal is received at central station I! with equipment as shown in central station l2, the regenerative repeater 6| (or l8) operates its retransmitting relay 49 to transmit code signals embodying stop signals of marking nature, while relay 64 concurrently releases its contacts to disengage conductors 63 and 65, thus opening the shunt conductor of resistor 48 and reducing the maximum current in line I9. At substation 20, an interruption of current by a relay 49 in central station I! will deenergize relay 30 and magnet 3| after which the resistor 48 now unshunted will restrain current in line l9 to a volume insufficient to reoperate relay 30, resulting in permanent mechanical looking of the keyboard of transmitter 22 during the continuance of the breaking signal.

Referring to Fig. 4, the line circuit extends from line conductor I I through breaking key 24, receiving magnets 23, home segment, brush and ring of distributor 39, and winding of relay 30 to ground. Should current in line ll be insufficient to energize and operate the marginal relay 30,.

the consequent deenergization of control magnet M will release latch 40 to engage the brush arm to stop the operation of distributor 39, producing the effect of mechanically locking the keyboard of Fig. 1.

The present invention, having been described above in connection with illustration of a specific embodiment thereof, now will be considered more generally and from a contemplation of its broader scope, and will be definitely pointed out in the claims without limitation to the specific illustra tion utilized herein for teaching the invention and its application to the prior art.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telegraph system, a transmitter, means in said transmitter for transmitting character code signals embodying a predetermined number of impulses, a plurality of line sections, a repeater intermediate such line sections, relay means in said repeater for transmitting directly therefrom to its line section code signals embodying a lesser number of impulses, and means in said repeater responsive to a particular impulse of the first.

code signals for transmitting invariably directly to its line section a single code signal indicative of the particular impulse when there is a variation in the character of the particular impulse.

2. In a telegraph system, a transmitter, means in said transmitter for transmitting character code signals embodying" a predetermined number 'of impulses, a plurality of line sections, a repeater intermediate such line sections, means in said repeater for transmitting directly therefrom to its line section code signals embodying a lesser number of impulses, and means in said repeater responsive to a particular impulse of the first code signals for transmitting to its line section prior to the transmission thereto of the code signal for the char-acter a single code signal indicative of the particular impulse when there isa variation in the character of the particular impulse.

3. In a telegraph system, means to transmit a combination code signal combining either one of two case shift code signals and a character code signal, a. repeating device including means in which said combination code signal is stored, and means for transmitting from said repeating device an isochronous code signal representing one of said two case shift signals and a subsequent isochronous code signal representing a character.

4. In a telegraph system, means to transmit a combination code signal combining either one of two case shift signals and a character code sigha], a repeating device including means in. which said combination code signal is stored, means for retransmitting from said repeating device a complete code signal representing case shift signal and a subsequent complete code signal isochronous therewith representing a character, and means for thereafter omitting the said case shift code signal.

5. In a telegraph system, a transmitter, stop means therefor, means in said repeater for storing signals, a repeater, a. transmission conductor connecting said transmitter and said repeater, and means in the repeater operative when a full accumulation of stored signals has occured to generate a signal in said conductor for actuating said stop means to stop said transmitter.

6. In a. telegraph system, a repeating device, two sets of relays in said repeating device, means for storing in said relays two received permutation code signals concurrently, and retransmitting means for retransmitting a single permutation code signal from said two sets of relays lointly.

7. In a telegraph system, a repeating device, two sets of relays in said repeating device, means for storing in said relays two successively received permutation code signals concurrently, and retransmitting means by which a single permutation code signal is retransmitted under joint control oi. said two sets of relays.

8. In a telegraph system, a repeating device having two sets of storage relays, means responsive to a received case shift code signal to having two sets of storage relays, means responsive to a received case shift code signal to register the nature of the said signal in one of said sets of storage relays, means responsive to a received character code signal to register the received character code signal in the other'of said sets of storage relays, and .transmission means in said repeating device responsive to registration of a character co'de signal to transmit a combination code signal, and subsequently to cancel said registration of said character code signal and to retain said registration of said case shift code signal.

10. In a telegraph system, a repeating device having two storage means, means responsive'to a received case shift code signal to register the nature or the said signal in one of said storage means, means operable thereafter repeatedly in response to successive received character code signals to register successively the said received character code signals in the other of said storage means, and transmission means in said repeating device responsive to registration of each said character code signal to transmit a combination code signal embodying the currently registered character code signal and the currently registered case shift code signal.

11. In a telegraph system, a tape-controlled transmitter, a telegraph transmission line conductor, a continuously operating distributor cooperating with said transmitter to transmit signals in said line, a signal receiving storage device of limited capacity connected to said line for receiving and storing said transmitted telegraphic signals, and means at said distributor responsive to means in said storage device for step ping said distributor.

12. In a telegraph system, a start-stop transmitter, a remote receiver, a break signal key at said receiver, and locking means at said transmitter responsive to said break signal key for arresting said transmitter.

13. In a telegraph system, a start-stop transmitter, a remote receiver, a line connecting said transmitter and receiver, a break signal key at said receiver, a telegraphic repeater connected nals, a break key, and means independent of said repeater and responsive to the operation or said break key for repeating a break signal of greater length than said isochronous code signal.

15. In atelegraph system, a keyboard transmitter, locking means therefor,asignal storage device separate from said transmitterhaving capacity for a limited plurality of code signals, and means in said device effective when said device is full of stored signals to control said locking means for locking said transmitter.

16. In a telegraph system, a transmitter, disabling means therefor, a signal storage device having capacity for a limited plurality of code signals, a single transmission line connecting said transmitter and said storage device, and means in said device effective when said device is full of stored signals to transmit a signal over said line to control said disabling means for disabling said transmitter.

17. A method of operating an automatic motor driven telegraphic signal transmitter which comprises driving the transmitter continuously by mechanical power and automatically shunting the electrical transmitting contacts of the transmitter when signals are not to be sent.

18. A method of operating an automatic motor driven telegraphic signal transmitter which comprises driving the transmitter continuously by mechanical power to transmit signals when desired and at other times sending a stop signal to line through a shunt circuit.

19. In a telegraph system, a continuously operating automatic transmitter, a normally closed shunt for transmitting contacts of said transmitter, and a relay responsive to a stored code signal to interrupt said shunt during transmission of said stored code signal by said transmitter.

20. In a telegraph system, a continuously operating automatic transmitter, a normally closed shunt for transmitting contacts of said transmitter, and automatic means to interrupt said shunt during transmission of code signals.

21. In a telegraph system, a transmitting device to transmit a code signal combining a case identification signal and a character signal, a set of storage devices to store said code signal, a translating repeating means for translating said stored case identification signal into another code signal and for retransmitting said resultant code signal, and repeating means for retransmitting said stored character signal and for annulling said stored character signal in said storage device afterretransmission, said translating repeating means operative in response to a changein said case identification signal in a succeeding code signal.

22. In a telegraph system, a substation, means to transmit irom said substation code signals of six-unit type, each comprising a character signal portion combined with a shift signal portion, a translator, means in said translator wherein said character signal portion and shiftsignal portion are separated and are separately regenerated each as a code signal oi. five-unit type, means for transmitting the code signals of five-unit type with repetition of successive shift code signals suppressed, and means for combining said character and shift codes into a single combined code signal of the six-unit type.

23. The method of transposing telegraph signals from a code having a predetermined number of selecting conditions into a code having a lesser number of conditions which consists in identifying one of said predetermined selecting conditions by a code signal of the lesser number of conditions, establishing said last mentioned code signal of the lesser number of conditions, and thereafter transmitting with each code signal a selective condition indicative of said code signal until a change occurs in said one of said conditions.

24. In a telegraph system, a transmitter, means I in said transmitter for transmitting character code signals and case code signals uniform in length with said character code signals, a repeater, means in said repeater for transmitting character code signals each composed of a uniform plurality of elemental impulses and each having a case indicating impulse, and means in said repeater responsive to a received case code signal and effective to transmit thereafter in each of a plurality of contiguously received and retransmitted character code signals an embodied case indicating impulse indicative of said received case code signal. I

25. In a telegraph system utilizing letters shift code signals, figures shift code signals, and character code signals, means to transmit a combination code signal combining one of said shift code signals and one of said character code signals, a repeating device, means in said repeating device for storing said combination code signal, and means for transmitting from said repeatingv device one of said shift code signals and for establishing a shift code signal suppression circuit which will prevail until a shift code signal of alternative nature is received.

26. In a telegraph system utilizing letters shift code signals, figures shift code signals, and character code signals, means to transmit a combination code signal combining one of said shift code signals and one of said character code signals, a repeating device, means in said repeating device for storing said combination code signals, means for transmitting from said repeating device one of said shift code signals followed by the character code signal of said stored combination signal, and means for receiving and storing further combination signals embodying the same shift code signal and for transmitting responsively only the embodied character code signal.

27. In a telegraph system, a plurality of line sections, a repeater intermediate said line sections, means for transmitting in succession over one of said line sections to said repeater code signals of a first code each such code signal embodying a predetermined number of signal impulses, relays in said repeater, means in said repeater for transmitting directly from contact points of said relays over another of said line sec tions code signals of another code embodying in each code'signal a lesser number of signal impulses, and means in said repeater responsive to a particular signal impulse of said first mentioned with the analogous impulse of the immediately preceding code signal.

. LOUIS M. PO'I'I'B. 

